SpongeBob SquarePants is an American created by and for. The series chronicles the adventures and endeavors of and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. The series' popularity has made it a, as well as the highest rated series to ever air on Nickelodeon, and the most distributed property of. The media franchise has generated $8 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.
Many of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished, educational comic book titled The Intertidal Zone, which Hillenburg created in 1989. He began developing SpongeBob SquarePants into a television series in 1996 upon the cancellation of, and turned to, who had worked with him on that series, to voice the titular character. SpongeBob was originally going to be named SpongeBoy, and the series was to be called SpongeBoy Ahoy!, but these were both changed, as the name was already trademarked. Nickelodeon held a preview for the series in the United States on May 1, 1999, following the television airing of the. The series officially premiered on July 17, 1999. It has received worldwide critical acclaim since its premiere and gained enormous popularity by its second season.
A feature film, was released in theaters on November 19, 2004, and was released on February 6, 2015. On July 21, 2012, the series was renewed and aired its, beginning with the episode '. The series has won a variety of awards, including six, eight, two, 12, and two. Despite its widespread popularity, the series has been involved in several public controversies, including one centered on speculation over SpongeBob's intended sexual orientation.
In 2011, a newly described species of mushroom, was named after the cartoon's title character. Contents Premise Characters Main article: The series revolves around its title character and his various friends. Is an energetic and optimistic (although his appearance more closely resembles a ) who lives in a and loves his job as a fry cook at the. He has a pet, who meows like a cat. Living two houses down from SpongeBob is his best friend, a dim-witted yet friendly pink who lives under a rock. Despite his 'mental setbacks', Patrick still sees himself as intelligent.
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Is SpongeBob's next-door neighbor and co-worker at the Krusty Krab. Squidward is an arrogant and ill-tempered who lives in an Easter Island and dislikes his neighbors (especially SpongeBob) for their childlike behavior. He enjoys playing the and painting self-portraits, but hates his job as a cashier. Another close friend of SpongeBob is, a from Texas. She is a scientist and an expert in. She lives in an underwater tree dome (A tree Sandy brought with her that is entrapped in a clear glass dome locked by a tight, hand turned seal).
When outside of her dwelling, she wears an -like suit because she cannot breathe underwater., a miserly obsessed with money, is the owner of the Krusty Krab restaurant and SpongeBob's boss. His rival, is a small green who owns a low-rank fast-food restaurant called the Chum Bucket, located across the street from the Krusty Krab. Plankton spends most of his time planning to steal the secret recipe for Mr. Krabs' popular Krabby Patty burgers, so as to gain the upper hand and put the Krusty Krab out of business. Other recurring characters appear throughout the series, such as SpongeBob's ever-suffering driving teacher; Mr. Krabs' whiney teenage whale daughter; Plankton's intelligent yet sarcasticly sassy computer wife; the muscular lifeguard of Goo Lagoon,; a pirate known as The Flying Dutchman; and retired superheroes, who are idolized by SpongeBob and Patrick.
Setting The series predominantly takes place in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom which, according to some, is located in the beneath the real life coral reef. The citizens live in mostly aquatic-themed buildings and use 'boatmobiles', amalgamations of cars and, as a mode of transportation.
Recurring establishments present in Bikini Bottom include two competing restaurants, the Krusty Krab and the Chum Bucket; Mrs. Puff's Boating School; and Shady Shoals Rest Home. Goo Lagoon, a popular beach hangout, is within the vicinity of the city, as is Jellyfish Fields. There are also a few episodes with businesses such as the grocery store, joke store, and mattress store. When the crew began production on the pilot, they were tasked with designing the stock locations where '.the show would return to again and again, and in which most of the action would take place, such as the Krusty Krab and SpongeBob's pineapple house'.
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The idea for the series was 'to keep everything nautical', so the crew used a great amount of rope, wooden planks, ships' wheels, netting, anchors, boilerplates, and rivets in creating the show's setting. Bubbles filing up the screen is also a nautical technique used to transition from scene to scene. The series features 'sky flowers' as a main setting material. They first appeared in the pilot and have since become a common feature throughout the series. When series background designer Kenny Pittenger was asked what they were, he answered, 'They function as clouds in a way, but since the show takes place underwater, they aren't really clouds'. Since the series was influenced by, the background painters have to use a lot of pattern.
Pittenger said that the sky flowers were meant to 'evoke the look of a flower-print Hawaiian shirt'. Development Early inspirations Series creator first became fascinated with the ocean as a child. Also at a young age, he began developing his artistic abilities. However, these two interests would not coincide for a long timeāthe idea of drawing fish seemed boring to him. During college, he majored in and minored in art.
After graduating in 1984, he joined the, an organization in, dedicated to educating the public about. While Hillenburg was there, he created a precursor to SpongeBob SquarePants: a comic book titled The Intertidal Zone, which was used by the institute to teach visiting students about the. The comic starred various sea lifeforms, many of which would evolve into SpongeBob characters. Hillenburg tried to get the comic professionally published, but none of the companies to which he sent it were interested. Conception During his time of employment at the Ocean Institute, Hillenburg attended an animation festival and determined that he wanted to pursue a career in that field. He had already been planning on returning to college for a master's degree in art. Instead, he chose to study experimental animation at the.
His thesis film, Wormholes, is about the theory of relativity. It was screened at festivals, and at one of these, Hillenburg met, creator of the popular animated series,. Murray was impressed by the style of the film and offered Hillenburg a job.
Hillenburg joined the series as a director and later, during the, he took on the roles of producer and., one of the writers for Rocko's Modern Life, read The Intertidal Zone and encouraged Hillenburg to create a television series with a similar concept. At that point, Hillenburg had not even considered creating his own series.
However, he realized that if he ever did, this would be the best approach. He began to further develop some of the characters from The Intertidal Zone, including the comic's 'announcer', Bob the Sponge. He wanted his series to stand out from most popular cartoons of the time, which he felt were exemplified by such as. As a result, Hillenburg decided to focus on one main character: the weirdest sea creature that he could think of. This led him to the sponge. Bob the Sponge resembles an actual sea sponge, and at first Hillenburg continued this design. In determining the new character's personality, Hillenburg drew inspiration from innocent, childlike figures that he enjoyed, such as,.
He then considered modeling the character after a kitchen sponge and realized that this idea would perfectly match the cha.